NATURE'S MOST POWERFUL CARBOHYDRATES
HMOs are supporting human health from the very first days of life
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex, non-digestible carbohydrates found naturally in milk. After lactose and lipids, HMOs are the third most abundant solid, with over 200 unique structures identified to date, each built from five monosaccharide building blocks: glucose, galactose, fucose, sialic acid, and N-acetylglucosamine.
Almost all mammals produce oligosaccharides in their milk, reflecting their fundamental biological importance across species. Human milk oligosaccharides stand out for their exceptional concentration and structural diversity. Though largely resistant to upper gut digestion, HMOs travel intact to the large intestine where they selectively feed beneficial gut bacteria, support immune development, and may contribute to a diversity of health benefits.